How can it be determined if a transformer winding has some of its turns shorted together?

Determining if a transformer winding has some of its turns shorted together can often be assessed through observing the heat generated during its normal operation. When turns of a winding are shorted, it creates a situation where the current is flowing through fewer turns than intended, leading to an increase in the overall current. This unexpected rise in current generates excess heat due to increased I²R losses (where I is the current and R is the resistance). As a result, the transformer may exhibit unusual heating compared to its normal operating temperature.

In addition, overheating can potentially lead to insulation failure and further complications, including damaging the winding or the core. Monitoring for excessive heat is thus a practical indicator of potential shorted turns in transformer windings.